No stereotype threat effect in international chess
نویسنده
چکیده
We examine data from over 6.6 million games of tournament chess between players rated by the international chess authority, FIDE. Previous research has focussed on the low representation of women in chess. We replicate and extend previous analysis (Chabris and Glickman, 2006) on an international level. We find no support for differential variability, differential drop-out between male and female players, or social context (in the form of proportion of female players at a national level) as drivers of drivers of male-female differences. Further, we examine games between mixed and same gender pairs for evidence of a ‘stereotype threat’ effect. Contrary to previous reports, we find no evidence of stereotype threat. Though this analysis contradicts one specific mechanism whereby gender stereotype may influence players, the persistent differences between male and female players suggests that systematic factors do exist and remain to be uncovered.
منابع مشابه
Female Chess Players Outperform Expectations When Playing Men.
Stereotype threat has been offered as a potential explanation of differential performance between men and women in some cognitive domains. Questions remain about the reliability and generality of the phenomenon. Previous studies have found that stereotype threat is activated in female chess players when they are matched against male players. I used data from over 5.5 million games of internatio...
متن کاملAn exploration of diagnosis threat and group identification following concussion injury.
Cognitive performance can be impacted by many non-neurological factors, including preexisting expectations. The phenomenon of stereotype threat, or reduced cognitive performance due to preexisting beliefs, can apply to individuals following neurological injury (i.e., ‘‘diagnosis threat’’). We examined the effect of diagnosis threat on cognitive performance and symptom reporting following concus...
متن کاملAfrican Americans and high blood pressure: the role of stereotype threat.
We examined the effect of stereotype threat on blood pressure reactivity. Compared with European Americans, and African Americans under little or no stereotype threat, African Americans under stereotype threat exhibited larger increases in mean arterial blood pressure during an academic test, and performed more poorly on difficult test items. We discuss the significance of these findings for un...
متن کاملUnderstanding the Stereotype Threat Effect With “Culture-Free” Tests: An Examination of its Mediators and Measurement
This experiment examined the mediation of the stereotype threat effect and explored the relationship of 2 different types of stereotype threat: stereotype threat–specific (threat that results specifically from the testing environment) and stereotype threat–general (a global sense of threat that individuals carry across situations) on Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices test performance. As pred...
متن کاملDistracted by the Unthought – Suppression and Reappraisal of Mind Wandering under Stereotype Threat
Previous research has found that subtle reminders of negative stereotypes about one's group can lead individuals to underperform on stereotype-relevant tests (e.g., women in math, ethnic minorities on intelligence tests). This so called stereotype threat effect can contribute to systematic group differences in performance that can obscure the true abilities of certain social groups and thereby ...
متن کامل